RETRACTED: Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery (Retracted Article)

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 mu g . kg(-1) . min(-1) of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-l (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61+/-0.41 to 4.57+/-0.78 I . min(-1) . m(-2)) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index ((D) over dot O2I) and oxygen consumption index ((V) over dot O2I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group ((D) over dot O2I: from 416+/-91 to 717+/-10 ml/m(2) . m(2); (V) over dot O2I: from 98+/-25 to 157+/-22 ml/m2 m2), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37+/-2.1 to 35.9+/-12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88+/-0.91 to 6.92+/-1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.