KRIT-1/CCM1 is a Rap1 effector that regulates endothelial cell-cell junctions

Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM), a disease associated with defective endothelial junctions, result from autosomal dominant CCM1 mutations that cause loss of KRIT-1 protein function, though how the loss of KRIT-1 leads to CCM is obscure. KRIT-1 binds to Rap1, a guanosine triphosphatase that maintains the integrity of endothelial junctions. Here, we report that KRIT-1 protein is expressed in cultured arterial and venous endothelial cells and is present in cell - cell junctions. KRIT-1 colocalized and was physically associated with junctional proteins via its band 4.1/ezrin/ radixin/moesin (FERM) domain. Rap1 activity regulated the junctional localization of KRIT-1 and its physical association with junction proteins. However, the association of the isolated KRIT-1 FERM domain was independent of Rap1. Small interfering RNA - mediated depletion of KRIT- 1 blocked the ability of Rap1 to stabilize endothelial junctions associated with increased actin stress fibers Thus, Rap1 increases KRIT-1 targeting to endothelial cell - cell junctions where it suppresses stress fibers and stabilizes junctional integrity.