Multiethnic comparison of adolescent major depression based on the DSM-IV criteria in a US-Japan study

Objectives: To compare the prevalence rates of major depression based on the DSM-IV criteria with data from a multiethnic sample of adolescents drawn from the same U.S.-Japan study and to investigate the relation of adolescent major depression to ethnicity. Method: Adolescents aged 12-15 years (N = 2,046; 539 Anglo-American, 636 African-American, 409 Mexican-American, and 462 Japanese adolescents) were studied in 1994 (response rates: 85.3% for U.S. students and 95.5% for Japanese students). The DSM Scale for Depression, a self-administered checklist developed from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children questions on major depression, was used to estimate the prevalence of DSM-IV major depression. Results: The overall prevalence rates of major depression without/with impairment were 9.6% and 4.3% for Anglo-American, 13,4% and 6.1% for African-American, 16.9% and 9.0% for Mexican-American, and 5.6% and 1.3% for Japanese adolescents. The significant association between adolescent major depression and ethnicity disappeared after sociodemographic adjustments. Only fathers' educational attainment and family financial status remained significant (odds ratios: 3.28-5.30 for grade school for fathers and 2.62-2.78 for being worse off economically). Conclusion: These findings imply ethnicity does not have a significant impact on the risk of adolescent major depression after sociodemographic adjustments.