Do voluntary international environmental agreements work?

被引:24
作者
Bratberg, E [1 ]
Tjotta, S [1 ]
Oines, T [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Bergen, Dept Econ, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
关键词
international environmental agreements; public goods; evaluation;
D O I
10.1016/j.jeem.2005.03.002
中图分类号
F [经济];
学科分类号
02 ;
摘要
We consider the effects of international environmental agreements using the 1988 Sofia Protocol on the reduction of nitrogen oxides. Panel data on 23 European countries for the period 1985-96 is used to evaluate the impact on emissions by dividing countries into participants and non-participants: that is, those that did and those that did not ratify the Sofia Protocol. Using a difference in difference estimator and controlling for country-specific variables, we find that signing the treaty had a significant positive impact on emission reduction. The estimated yearly reduction in emissions is approximately 2.1% greater than it would have been without the Sofia Protocol. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:583 / 597
页数:15
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