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Subversion of cellular autophagy by Anaplasma phagocytophilum
被引:86
作者:
Niu, Hua
[1
]
Yamaguchi, Mamoru
[1
]
Rikihisa, Yasuko
[1
]
机构:
[1] Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Biosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
关键词:
D O I:
10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01068.x
中图分类号:
Q2 [细胞生物学];
学科分类号:
071009 ;
090102 ;
摘要:
Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligatory intracellular pathogen. After entry into host cells, the bacterium is diverted from the endosomal pathway and replicates in a membrane-bound compartment devoid of endosomal or lysosomal markers. Here, we show that several hallmarks of early autophagosomes can be identified in A. phagocytophilum replicative inclusions, including a double-lipid bilayer membrane and colocalization with GFP-tagged LC3 and Beclin 1, the human homologues of Saccharomyces cerevisiae autophagy-related proteins Atg8 and Atg6 respectively. While the membrane-associated form of LC3, LC3-II, increased during A. phagocytophilum infection, A. phagocytophilum-containing inclusions enveloped with punctate GFP-LC3 did not colocalize with a lysosomal marker. Stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin favoured A. phagocytophilum infection. Inhibition of the autophagosomal pathway by 3-methyladenine did not inhibit A. phagocytophilum internalization, but reversibly arrested its growth. Although autophagy is considered part of the innate immune system that clears a variety of intracellular pathogens, our study implies that A. phagocytophilum subverts this system to establish itself in an early autophagosome-like compartment segregated from lysosomes to facilitate its proliferation.
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页码:593 / 605
页数:13
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