Dive durations in pinnipeds and seabirds

被引:128
作者
Boyd, IL
Croxall, JP
机构
[1] Natural Environment Research Council, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, Madingley Road
来源
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE | 1996年 / 74卷 / 09期
关键词
D O I
10.1139/z96-187
中图分类号
Q95 [动物学];
学科分类号
071002 ;
摘要
Many endothermic divers regularly exceed the theoretical limit to the duration of aerobic dives, suggesting that assumptions about either the oxygen storage capacity of tissues or the metabolic rate of divers are wrong. This study examined the frequency distributions of dive durations in five species of endothermic divers from the island of South Georgia, South Atlantic. The theoretical aerobic dive time (TADT), calculated from average field metabolic rates, was exceeded regularly by all species except the Antarctic fur seal (<6% of dives). In contrast, the gentoo penguin exceeded its TADT in 69% of dives and the elephant seal in 91%. The frequency distributions of dive durations were bimodal, most especially in the penguins, with one mode below the TADT and another above the TADT, suggesting two different physiological strategies for diving. Interspecific allometric comparisons of dive durations in endothermic divers showed that, in general, relative dive durations in seabirds were greater than in pinnipeds. Dive durations in pinnipeds scaled approximately to field metabolic rate, whereas in seabirds they scaled most closely to flipper surface area, suggesting that they may be partly limited by the rate and degree of conduction of heat to the water.
引用
收藏
页码:1696 / 1705
页数:10
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