Capture of rare cells in suspension with antibody-coated polystyrene beads

A method for the separation of one cell type present in small number from a predominant mixture of cell types using macroscopic polystyrene beads is demonstrated. An antibody specific to murine leukocytes (CD45) was adsorbed to the surface of the beads. Beads and murine hybridoma B cells were placed in test tubes and periodically inverted-at fixed time intervals, causing the beads to settle through the suspension under creeping flow conditions. Capture was dependent upon interception: the captured cells must have traveled along streamlines that brought them to within a cell radius of the bead surface. B cells attached to 99-mu m beads (maximum shear rate 8.1 s(-1)) were captured with greater efficiency but in lesser quantity than those attached to 170-mu m beads (maximum shear rate 13.9 s(-1)). Cell capture unexpectedly reached a plateau in less than 2 h, a phenomenon that appears to involve changes in both the cells and the beads. Capture of cells was effective out to dilutions of 1:10 000 with purity in the captured population of better than 74%. This method allows for the study of physical parameters important for cell attachment and capture as well as for practical separation of rare cells.