Activation of the GP IIb-IIIa complex induced by platelet adhesion to collagen is mediated by both α2β1 integrin and GP VI

alpha(2)beta(1) integrin, CD36, and GP VI have all been implicated in platelet-collagen adhesive interactions. We have investigated the role of these glycoproteins on activation of the GP IIb-IIIa complex induced by platelet adhesion to type I fibrillar and monomeric collagen under static conditions. In the presence of Mg2+, platelet adhesion to fibrillar collagen induced activation of the GP IIb-IIIa complex and complete spreading. Anti-alpha(2)beta(1) integrin and anti-GP VI antibodies inhibited the activation of the GP IIb-IIIa complex by about 40 and 50%, respectively, at 60 min although minimal inhibitory effects on adhesion were seen. Platelet spreading was markedly reduced by anti-alpha(2)beta(1) integrin antibody. The combination of anti-alpha(2)beta(1) integrin with anti-GP VI anti body completely inhibited both platelet adhesion and activation of the GP IIb-IIIa complex. Anti-CD36 antibody had no significant effects on platelet adhesion, spreading, and the activation of the GP IIb-IIIa complex at 60 min. Aspirin and the thromboxane A(2) receptor antagonist SQ29548 inhibited activation of the GP IIb-IIIa complex about 30% but had minimal inhibitory effect on adhesion. In the absence of Mg2+, there was significant activation of the GP IIb-IIIa complex brat minimal spreading was observed. Anti-GP VI antibody completely inhibited adhesion whereas no effect was observed with anti-alpha(2)beta(1) integrin antibody. Anti-CD36 antibody partially inhibited both adhesion and the activation of the GP IIb-IIIa complex. Platelet adhesion to monomeric collagen, which requires Mg2+ and is exclusively mediated by alpha(2)beta(1) integrin, resulted in partial activation of the GPIIb-IIIa complex and spreading. No significant effects were observed by anti-CD36 and anti-GP VI antibodies. These results suggest that both alpha(2)beta(1) integrin and GP VI are involved in inside-out signaling leading to activation of the GP IIb-IIIa complex after platelet adhesion to collagen and generation of thromboxane A(2) may further enhance expression of activated GP IIb-IIIa complexes.