The relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes: an integrative review

Aims. The purpose of this integrative review was to describe the relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes and to explore factors which affect this relationship. Background. In the past 15 years, research has indicated that youth with type 1 diabetes face considerable self-management challenges and are at increased risk for poor metabolic control. To enhance the development of behavioural interventions for youth with type 1 diabetes, the relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control needs to be more clearly elucidated. Data Sources. Research studies that examined the relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes were included (n = 18). The electronic databases searched included OVID, MEDLINE (1996 to present), SCOPUS (1996 to January 2010) and PubMed (1996 to January 2010). Review Method. An integrative literature review was carried out using Whitte-more's modified framework for data collection, analysis and synthesis. Results. A positive relationship between diabetes self-management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes was supported in longitudinal studies and in studies where the mean age was > 13 years. Factors influencing this relationship are identified. Measurement of self-management was quite variable. Conclusion. Interventions targeting self-management in youth with type 1 diabetes are indicated, particularly in families of diverse race and ethnicity globally. Further evaluation of the measures of self-management and more longitudinal research are also indicated.