The structure and the large nonlinear optical properties of Li@Calix[4]pyrrole

A new compound with electride characteristics, Li@calix[4]pyrrole, is designed in theory. The Li atom in Li@calix[4]pyrrole is ionized to form a cation and an excess electron anion. Its structure with C-4v symmetry resembles a cup-like shape. It may be a stable organic electride at room temperature. The first hyperpolarizability of the cup-like electride molecule is first investigated by the DFT (B3LYP) method. The result shows that this electride molecule has a considerably large first hyperpolarizability with beta(0) = 7326 au (63.3 x 10(-30) esu), while the beta(0) value of the related calix[4]pyrrole system is only 390 au. Obviously, the Li atom doped in calix[4]pyrrole brings a dramatic change to the electronic structure, so that the first hyperpolarizability of Li@calix[4]pyrrole is almost 20 times larger than that of calix[4]pyrrole. We find that the excess electron from the Li atom plays an important role in the large first hyperpolarizability of Li@calix[4]pyrrole. The present investigation reveals a new idea and different means for designing and synthesizing high-performance NLO materials.