Analysis of the cardiac rhythm preceding episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Aims This study seeks to elucidate whether there was a common mode of initiation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) episodes that might suggest new therapies. Methods A library of 177 digitized and analyzed 24-hour Holter recordings from PAF pharmacotherapy trials was studied. All noise-free PAF episodes greater than or equal to 0.5 minutes were identified. PAF episodes and the preceding 2 minutes of sinus rhythm were printed as tachograms and visually inspected. Heart rate and ectopic beat behavior were used to characterize modes of PAF onset by comparing half-minute segments of the final 2 minutes of sinus rhythm. Results Thirty-four recordings (from 19 patients, aged 61.7 +/- 11.5 years) provided 231 PAF episodes suitable for analysis. No patients had a consistent mode of PAF onset. This was confirmed by systematic analysis of the five patients with the most episodes. Overall, a highly significant increase in ectopic beats, from 1.34 to 6.52 min(-1) (p < 0.001) was found, but heart rate did not significantly change (mean heart rate at onset = 64 beats/min). PAF was initiated by a solitary ectopic bear in more than half of the cases. No consistent evidence for short-long-short sequences, seen in ventricular arrhythmias, was found. Conclusion The mode of onset of atrial fibrillation is inconsistent, both across a population with PAF and within individuals. This has implications for understanding the mechanisms of atrial fibrillation onset in human beings and for the treatment of the disorder.