Overexpression of Candida albicans secretory aspartyl proteinase 2 and its expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae do not augment virulence in mice

To elucidate the implications of secreted aspartyl proteinase (Sap)2p in the pathogenesis of Candida infections, the SAP2 gene was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and overexpressed in Candida albicans. The coding region of SAP2, including its signal sequence and propeptide, was amplified by PCR and cloned downstream of the S. cerevisiae or C. albicans ADH1 promoter. Plasmid expression of SAP2 in S. cerevisiae showed that the signal peptide was functional. Integrative transformation of 5. cerevisiae and C albicans was accomplished by homologous recombination within the URA3 locus for S. cerevisiae and the SAP2 locus for C. albicans. Negative control transformants carried plasmids either without the SAP2 insert or with mutated sap2. 5 cerevisiae and C. albicans transformants showed similar growth rates to their parental strains or negative controls, when grown in medium containing amino acids. However, in medium with BSA as sole nitrogen source, constitutive expression of SAP2 enabled S. cerevisiae to grow and increased the growth rate of C. albicans. In both media, only S. cerevisiae transformants harbouring SAP2 secreted the enzyme, as confirmed by proteinase activity assays and immunoblotting. When C. albicans was grown in amino acids medium, the enzyme was detected exclusively in transformants constitutively expressing SAP2. However, in BSA medium these strains secreted enzyme earlier and secreted higher amounts of enzyme and total proteinase activity. In pathogenicity studies in intact mice, expression of Sap2p as a sole putative virulence factor did not cause S. cerevisiae to become virulent and constitutive overexpression of SAP2 did not augment virulence of C albicans in experimental oral or systemic infection.