Uncertainty in perspective

In the context of integrated assessment, the authors address the issue of uncertainty and subjectivity in modelling, In relating bias to different perspectives, the authors introduce the methodology of multiple model routes, which are reflections of different perceptions of reality and various policy preferences, As heuristic they use three perspectives, which are distinguished in cultural theory, The article describes case studies on the population and climate issue in order to illustrate the possibilities of their approach, The article concludes with discussing the achievements and limitations. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd