Characterization and expression of the Mx1 gene in wild mouse species

The mouse Mx1 gene encodes an interferon (IFN)-inducible nuclear protein and confers resistance to influenza virus infection. The standard laboratory mouse strains all carry the Mx1(-) allele and are susceptible to influenza virus. In this study several mouse strains established from wild rice were tested to determine their Mx1(+) or Mx1(-) allele status with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length variation (PCR-RFLV), sequence analysis, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining. All of the mouse strains originating from wild mice were found uniformly to carry the Mx1(+) allele. Therefore, it is conceivable that the Mx1(+) allele in wild populations serves a function against some pathogens related to orthormyxoviruses. The PCR-RFLV and sequence analysis allowed us to classify: the Mx1(+) alleles of the laboratory and wild-origin mouse strains into distinct classes. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the Mx1 transcripts and proteins were induced by IFN-alpha/beta in macrophages from wild mouse species.