Colloquium: Artificial gauge potentials for neutral atoms

被引:1629
作者
Dalibard, Jean [1 ]
Gerbier, Fabrice [1 ]
Juzeliunas, Gediminas [2 ]
Oehberg, Patrik [3 ]
机构
[1] Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, UPMC, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France
[2] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania
[3] Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Phys, SUPA, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland
关键词
QUANTIZED HALL CONDUCTANCE; EFFECTIVE MAGNETIC-FIELDS; OPTICAL LATTICES; GEOMETRIC POTENTIALS; POPULATION TRANSFER; QUANTUM SIMULATION; BLOCH ELECTRONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; NOBEL LECTURE; PHASE;
D O I
10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1523
中图分类号
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号
0702 ;
摘要
When a neutral atom moves in a properly designed laser field, its center-of-mass motion may mimic the dynamics of a charged particle in a magnetic field, with the emergence of a Lorentz-like force. In this Colloquium the physical principles at the basis of this artificial (synthetic) magnetism are presented. The corresponding Aharonov-Bohm phase is related to the Berry's phase that emerges when the atom adiabatically follows one of the dressed states of the atom-laser interaction. Some manifestations of artificial magnetism for a cold quantum gas, in particular, in terms of vortex nucleation are discussed. The analysis is then generalized to the simulation of non-Abelian gauge potentials and some striking consequences are presented, such as the emergence of an effective spin-orbit coupling. Both the cases of bulk gases and discrete systems, where atoms are trapped in an optical lattice, are addressed.
引用
收藏
页码:1523 / 1543
页数:21
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