Few adverse effects of long-term creatine supplementation in a placebo-control led trial

被引:39
作者
Groeneveld, GJ
Beijer, C
Veldink, JH
Kalmijn, S
Wokke, JHJ
van den Berg, LH
机构
[1] Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands
[2] Rijnland Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Leiderdorp, Netherlands
[3] Univ Utrecht, Med Ctr, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands
关键词
creatine monohydrate; side effects; randomised; renal function;
D O I
10.1055/s-2004-817917
中图分类号
G8 [体育];
学科分类号
04 ; 0403 ;
摘要
Although oral creatine supplementation is very popular among athletes, no prospective placebo-controlled studies on the adverse effects of long-term supplementation have yet been conducted. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of creatine monohydrate in patients with the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, because of the neuroprotective effects it was shown to have in animal experiments. The purpose of this paper is to compare the adverse effects, and to describe the effects on indirect markers of renal function of long-term creatine supplementation. 175 subjects (age = 57.7 +/- 11.1 y) were randomly assigned to receive creatine monohydrate 10g daily or placebo during an average period of 310 days. After one month, two months and from then on every fourth month, adverse effects were scored using dichotomous questionnaires, plasma urea concentrations were measured, and urinary creatine and albumin concentrations were determined. No significant differences in the occurrence at any time of adverse effects due to creatine supplementation were found (23% nausea in the creatine group, vs. 24% in the placebo group, 19% gastro-intestinal discomfort in the creatine group, vs. 18% in the placebo group, 35% diarrhoea in the creatine group, vs. 24% in the placebo group). After two months of treatment, oedematous limbs were seen more often in subjects using creatine, probably due to water retention. Severe diarrhoea (n = 2) and severe nausea (n = 1) caused 3 subjects in the creatine group to stop intake of creatine, after which these adverse effects subsided. Longterm supplementation of creatine did not lead to an increase of plasma urea levels (5.69 +/- 1.47 before treatment vs. 5.26 +/- 1.44 at the end of treatment) or to a higher prevalence of micro-albuminuria (5.4% before treatment vs. 1.8% at the end of treatment).
引用
收藏
页码:307 / 313
页数:7
相关论文
共 32 条
[1]   Inverse association between the effect of carbohydrates on blood glucose and subsequent short-term food intake in young men [J].
Anderson, GH ;
Catherine, NLA ;
Woodend, DM ;
Wolever, TMS .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, 2002, 76 (05) :1023-1030
[2]   A comparison of three measures of disease progression in ALS [J].
Andres, PL ;
Skerry, LM ;
Thornell, B ;
Portney, LG ;
Finison, LJ ;
Munsat, TL .
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1996, 139 :64-70
[3]  
BEIJER C, 1993, CLIN CHEM, V39, P1613
[4]   Creatine supplementation during resistance training in college football athletes [J].
Bemben, MG ;
Bemben, DA ;
Loftiss, DD ;
Knehans, AW .
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE, 2001, 33 (10) :1667-1673
[5]   THE INFLUENCE OF DIETARY CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE DURING REPEATED BOUTS OF MAXIMAL ISOKINETIC CYCLING IN MAN [J].
BIRCH, R ;
NOBLE, D ;
GREENHAFF, PL .
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY, 1994, 69 (03) :268-270
[6]   Effect of oral creatine supplementation on jumping and running performance [J].
Bosco, C ;
Tihanyi, J ;
Pucspk, J ;
Kovacs, I ;
Gabossy, A ;
Colli, R ;
Pulvirenti, G ;
Tranquilli, C ;
Foti, C ;
Viru, M ;
Viru, A .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 1997, 18 (05) :369-372
[7]   Guidelines for the use and performance of quantitative outcome measures in ALS clinical trials [J].
Brinkmann, JR ;
Andres, P ;
Mendoza, M ;
Sanjak, M .
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1997, 147 (01) :97-111
[8]   Creatine monohydrate does not increase strength in patients with hereditary neuropathy [J].
Doherty, TJ ;
Lougheed, K ;
Markez, J ;
Tarnopolsky, MA .
NEUROLOGY, 2001, 57 (03) :559-560
[9]   FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PRODUCTION OF CREATININE - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DETERMINATION AND INTERPRETATION OF URINARY CREATININE AND CREATINE IN MAN [J].
FULLER, NJ ;
ELIA, M .
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA, 1988, 175 (03) :199-210
[10]   Effects of creatine supplementation on repetitive sprint performance and body composition in competitive swimmers [J].
Grindstaff, PD ;
Kreider, R ;
Bishop, R ;
Wilson, M ;
Wood, L ;
Alexander, C ;
Almada, A .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION, 1997, 7 (04) :330-346