Use of hydrogen negative ions in particle accelerators

The use of negative hydrogen ions in different accelerators, especially in charge-exchange injection of protons into orbits of high energy accelerators, is reviewed. The principles of charge exchange for particle acceleration and control and the benefits are discussed after which the performance and characteristics of selected accelerators are summarized. Recent trends in negative ion sources for charge-exchange accelerators also are reviewed. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.