High mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1) as a new diagnostic marker in patients with acute appendicitis

Background: The aim of this prospective study was therefore to evaluate the diagnostic value of preoperative serum High Mobility Group Box Protein-1 (HMGB-1) levels in patients with Acute Appendicitis (AA) who show normal white blood cell count (WBC) counts. Method: Our study was carried out from October 2010 through November 2010 and included 20 healthy control group participants and 60 patients who presented at the emergency department of Erzurum Training and Research Hospital in Turkey with acute abdominal pain complaints, who were pathologically diagnosed with AA after laparotomy, and who agreed to participate in the study. Results: Of the 60 patients who underwent appendectomies, 36 were male and 24 were female, and of the healthy group, 12 were male and 8 female. The age averages of the patients in Groups 1, 2 and 3 were, respectively, 31.3 + 15.4, 34.0 + 16.3 and 31.0 + 13.1 years. The WBC averages of Groups 1, 2 and 3 were, respectively, 7.41 + 2.02 (x10(9)/L), 15.71 + 2.85 (x10(9)/L) and 8.51 + 1.84 (x10(9)/L). The HMGB-1 levels for Groups 1 (healthy persons), 2 (AA patients with high WBC counts) and 3 (AA patients with normal WBC counts) were, respectively, 21.71 +/- 11.36, 37.28 + 13.37 and 36.5 +/- 17.73 ng/ml. The average HMGB-1 level of the patients with AA was 36.92 +/- 15.43 ng/ml while the average HMGB-1 value of the healthy group was 21.71 +/- 11.36 ng/ml. Conclusion: The significantly higher levels of HMGB-1 in AA patients compared to healthy persons infer that HMGB-1 might be useful in the diagnosis of AA. Use of HMGB-1, especially in patients with normal WBC counts, will reduce the number of unnecessary explorations.