Electrochemical deposition of gold metal particles into 3-dimensional polypyrrole film deposited on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

Electrochemical techniques and lateral friction microscopy (LFM) are exploited to characterize the deposition of gold metal particles onto the 3-dimensional (3-D) polypyrrole (PPy) film deposited on 2-dimensional (2-D) highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate surface in an aqueous solution involving 0.01 M pyrrole and 0.1 M LiClO4 . 3H(2)O. Cyclic voltammetry is utilized to find the gold deposition potential onto the PPy film from 0.001 M KAu(CN)(2)/ KOH solution. The gold deposition potential is found to be in the range of - 1.2 V to - 1.4 V. Chronoamperometry is used to find out the nucleation and growth mechanism of gold metal particles onto PPy film. When the PPy film is thin, the mechanism follows the 3-D instantaneous and moved towards 3-D progressive as the film thickness increases. Considering the high resistance of thick PPy film and insulating and compact nature of the film at more cathodic potentials, it is suggested that the gold nuclei are formed first on the HOPG substrate surface, move to the PPy film surface and then distributed inside the PPy matrix. Since the friction of gold and the PPy film is different, the LFM is found to be an effective tool to see the distribution of gold particles in the domain boundaries of the PPy film.