Technical assessment of petroleum products for energy solutions

Turkey's energy consumption has been growing much faster than its energy production, making Turkey a rapidly growing energy importer. Crude oil remains the main energy source. Oil provides nearly half of Turkey's total energy requirements, but its share is declining. Around 90% of Turkey's oil supplies are imported, mainly from the Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Syria) and Russia. Exploration and production and importing of crude oil and petroleum products are liberalized. Indigenous and foreign companies are also allowed to operate refineries and to distribute oil products. Until recently, there were six petroleum refineries in Turkey with a total production capacity of 32 million tons/year for crude oil. Most of the oil refining in Turkey is done by the Turkish Petroleum Refineries Corporation (TUPRAS), which owns four of the six oil refineries in Turkey. Turkey's petroleum products consumption quantity also grew 36% and increased from 21.7 million tons (Mt) in 1990 to 29.6 Mt in 2004. The consumption share of diesel fuel among all petroleum derivatives was 36.9% in 2004, which is the biggest share when compared to other petroleum products.