Estrogen receptors in the cardiovascular system

Various direct effects of estradiol on arterial tissue suggest the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) in the vascular wall. The study of ER detection has made an important progress over the 10 last years with the advent and widespread use of monoclonal antibodies against the receptor protein. Using immunocytochemical methods and monoclonal antibodies, we have detected estrogen receptors in the tunica media of arteries from the reproductive tract; their concentration depends on the hormonal status. These receptors are apparently absent from saphenous veins (taken from patients undergoing surgical removal of varicose veins). We also document here results on the cardiovascular system and we discuss their implications in blood vessel relaxation and cell proliferation.