[1] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto 6110011, Japan
[2] China Geol Survey, Yichang Inst Geol & Mineral Resources, Environm Geol Sect, Yichang 443003, Peoples R China
[3] Kanazawa Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Geotech Engn Grp, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208667, Japan