Screening for and validated quantification of amphetamines and of amphetamine- and piperazine-derived designer drugs in human blood plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

被引:139
作者
Peters, FT [1 ]
Schaefer, S [1 ]
Staack, RF [1 ]
Kraemer, T [1 ]
Maurer, HH [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Saarland, Inst Expt & Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, Dept Expt & Clin Toxicol, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
来源
JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY | 2003年 / 38卷 / 06期
关键词
designer drugs; amphetamines; piperazine; blood; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry;
D O I
10.1002/jms.483
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The classical stimulants amphetamine, methamphetamine, ethylamphetamine and the amphetamine-derived designer drugs MDA, MDMA ('ecstasy'), MDEA, BDB and MBDB have been widely abused for a relatively long time. In recent years, a number of newer designer drugs have entered the illicit drug market. 4-Methylthioamphetamine (NITA), p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) and p-methoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) are also derived from amphetamine. Other designer drugs are derived from piperazine, such as benzylpiperazine (BZP), methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (MDBP), trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) and p-methoxyphenylpiperazine (MeOPP). A number of severe or even fatal intoxications involving these newer substances, especially PMA, have been reported. This paper describes a method for screening for and simultaneous quantification of the above-mentioned compounds and the metabolites p-hydroxyamphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine (pholedrine) in human blood plasma. The analytes were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the selected-ion monitoring mode after mixed-mode solid-phase extraction (HCX) and derivatization with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. The method was fully validated according to international guidelines. It was linear from 5 to 1000 mug 1(-1) for all analytes. Data for accuracy and precision were within required limits with the exception of those for MDBP. The limit of quantification was 5 mug 1(-1) for all analytes. The applicability of the assay was proven by analysis of authentic plasma samples and of a certified reference sample. This procedure should also be suitable for confirmation of immunoassay results positive for amphetamines and/or designer drugs of the ecstasy type. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
引用
收藏
页码:659 / 676
页数:18
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