Production and characterization of anti-nisin Z monoclonal antibodies: suitability for distinguishing active from inactive forms through a competitive enzyme immunoassay

As a pre-requisite to monoclonal antibody development, an efficient purification strategy was devised that yielded 72 mg of nisin Z from 14.5 1 of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis UL 719 (L. diacetylactis UL719) culture in supplemented whey permeate. Specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced in mice against the purified nisin Z using keyhole limpet hemocyanin as a carrier protein. These antibodies did not recognize nisin A, suggesting that the asparagine residue at position 27 is involved in antibody recognition to nisin Z. However, the high reactivity of mAbs against biologically inactive nisin Z degradation products, produced during storage of freeze-dried pure nisin Z at -70 degreesC, indicated that the dehydroalanine residue at position 5 (Dha(5)), required for biological activity, is not necessary in nisin Z recognition by the mAb. A competitive enzyme immunoassay (cEIA) using the specific anti-nisin Z mAb was developed and used for rapid and sensitive detection and quantification of nisin Z in fresh culture supernatant, milk and whey. Detection limits of 78 ng/ml in phosphate-buffered saline, 87 ng/ml in culture supernatant, 106 ng/ml in milk and 90.5 ng/ml in whey were obtained for this assay. The cEIA using specific mAbs can be used to quantify nisin Z in food products.