Nutrient limitation of bacterioplankton, autotrophic and mixotrophic phytoplankton, and heterotrophic nanoflagellates in Lake Ortrasket

Enrichment experiments with P and N were conducted in humic Lake Ortrasket in northern Sweden. The composition of the microplankton community showed a dominance by bacterioplankton, followed by mixotrophic sind potentially mixotrophic phytoplankton, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, and autotrophic phytoplankton. Bacterioplankton was P limited for most of the ice-free period, and phytoplankton biomass and primary production mostly increased after enrichment with N, but not with P. The dominant group of phytoplankton, the mixotrophic flagellates, was stimulated by N bur not by P, while obligate autotrophic species were stimulated only by P+N. It is suggested that N limitation in mixotrophic species is induced by grazing of P-rich bacteria. The results suggest that primary productivity in humic lakes can be limited by N and indicate the importance of phagocytosis as a means of nutrition in phytoplankton. A link is suggested to exist in humic lakes whereby heterotrophic bacterioplankton, which use humic compounds as their principal energy source, can transfer energy and nutrients to potentially autotrophic organisms, with subsequent utilization by other components of the food web.