Obesity and undernutrition and cardiovascular risk factors in rural and urban Gambian communities

Objectives. This study documented the prevalence of and cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity and undernutrition in the Gambia. Methods. Adults (greater than or equal to 15 years; N = 5373) from rural and urban areas completed a questionnaire; their height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences were measured, and their cardiovascular risk factors were assessed, Results. Prevalence of undernutrition (body mass index < 18 kg/m(2)) was 18.0%; all strata of society were affected. Prevalence of obesity (body mass index greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2)) was 4.0% but was higher (32.6%) among urban women 35 years or older. Cardiovascular risk factors were more prevalent among obese participants. Conclusions. Undernutrition coexists with obesity, demonstrating a "double burden of disease." Differential interventions should focus on high-risk groups; prevention needs a multisectorial approach.