Attentional and processing skills following traumatic brain injury in early childhood

Primary objective: Attentional deficits are common following TBI in adults. This study examined whether these skills are also vulnerable following early childhood injury, when such skills are rapidly developing. Research design: This study investigated attention 30 months post-TBI in pre-schoolers (n = 56) and age-matched controls (n = 26). TBI children were divided into mild, moderate and severe injury groups. Methods and procedure: Pre-injury data were collected at time of injury. Assessment of attention included the Continuous Performance Test, Wechsler Intelligence Scale and Personality Inventory for Children. Main outcomes and results: Severe TBI was associated with reduced accuracy and slowed processing, particularly on complex motor responses. Sustained attention was more intact. Parental reports indicate internalized behavioural problems and somatic complaints. Conclusions: Young children with severe TBI are at risk for severe, persisting attentional impairments. Children with mild and moderate TBI show better outcome, with pre-injury behaviour and age also predictive of attentional skills at 30 months post-injury.