Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Dendritic Cells Leads to Partially Caspase-1/11-Independent IL-1β and IL-18 Secretion but Not to Pyroptosis

Background: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is important for host resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. The response of the dendritic cell inflammasome during Mtb infections has not been investigated in detail. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we show that Mtb infection of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) induces IL-1 beta secretion and that this induction is dependent upon the presence of functional ASC and NLRP3 but not NLRC4 or NOD2. The analysis of cell death induction in BMDCs derived from these knock-out mice revealed the important induction of host cell apoptosis but not necrosis, pyroptosis or pyronecrosis. Furthermore, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and apoptosis induction were both reduced in BMDCs infected with the esxA deletion mutant of Mtb demonstrating the importance of a functional ESX-1 secretion system. Surprisingly, caspase-1/11-deficient BMDCs still secreted residual levels of IL-1 beta and IL-18 upon Mtb infection which was abolished in cells infected with the esxA Mtb mutant. Conclusion: Altogether we demonstrate the partially caspase-1/11-independent, but NLRP3- and ASC-dependent IL-1 beta secretion in Mtb-infected BMDCs. These findings point towards a potential role of DCs in the host innate immune response to mycobacterial infections via their capacity to induce IL-1 beta and IL-18 secretion.