Insulin sensitivity, insulin action, and fibrinolysis activity in nondiabetic and diabetic obese subjects

Because inconsistencies occur with regard to the relative contribution of insulin to the hypofibrinolysis characteristic of obesity and diabetes, we explored the relationship between insulin and fibrinolysis, assessing both insulin sensitivity and insulin action. Seventeen markedly obese subjects (body mass index [BMI], 34.0 +/- 1.6 kg/m(2); 12 nondiabetic and five diabetic) were studied using the three-step euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. Since the circadian rhythm of the fibrinolytic system may obscure a true effect of insulin, variations in fibrinolysis parameters observed during the glucose clamp were compared with those occurring spontaneously because of the circadian rhythm. Compared with six normal-weight subjects (BMI, 21.0 +/- 0.9 kg/m(2)), all obese subjects exhibited basal hyperinsulinism (fasting plasma insulin, 16.0 +/- 1.4 v 9.8 +/- 1.3 mu U/mu L, P < .001;fasting plasma C-peptide, 1.4 +/- 0.2 v 0.5 +/- 0.2 ng/mL, P < .001), hypofibrinolysis (euglobulin lysis time [ELT], 378 +/- 29 v 222 +/- 31 minutes, P = .01; tissue plasminogen activator [tPA] antigen, 7.8 +/- 0.9 v 4.2 +/- 0.5 ng/mL, P = .04; plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 [PAI-1] activity, 22.2 +/- 2.5 v 3.9 +/- 0.6 AU/mL, P = .004), and marked insulin resistance (M value, ie, the maximal glucose disposal rate, 9.1 +/- 0.6 v 18.6 +/- 0.8 mg/(kg . min), P <.001). The M value correlated inversely with tPA antigen (r = -.46, P = .05). During insulin infusion, values for fibrinolysis parameters decreased, but were not different compared with variations due to the circadian rhythm. In conclusion, our findings together with previously reported data reinforce the idea that chronic hyperinsulinism is linked to hypofibrinolysis, but insulin does not seem to acutely regulate the fibrinolysis system. Copyright (C) 1998 by W.B. Saunders Company.