The baryonic mass function of galaxies

被引:58
作者
Read, JI [1 ]
Trentham, N [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England
来源
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES | 2005年 / 363卷 / 1837期
关键词
mass function; stellar; HI; gas; baryonic;
D O I
10.1098/rsta.2005.1648
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
In the Big Bang about 5% of the mass that was created was in the form of normal baryonic matter (neutrons and protons). Of this about 10% ended up in galaxies in the form of stars or of gas (that can be in molecules, can be atomic, or can be ionized). In this work, we measure the baryonic mass function of galaxies, which describes how the baryonic mass is distributed within galaxies of different types (e.g. spiral or elliptical) and of different sizes. This can provide useful constraints on our current cosmology, convolved with our understanding of how galaxies form. This work relies on various large astronomical surveys, e.g. the optical Sloan Digital Sky Survey (to observe stars) and the HIPASS radio survey (to observe atomic gas). We then perform an integral over our mass function to determine the cosmological density of baryons in galaxies: Q(b,gal) = 0.0035. Most of these baryons are in stars: Q(*) = 0.0028. Only about 20% are in gas. The error on the quantities, as determined from the range obtained between different methods, is ca 10%; systematic errors may be much larger. Most (ca 90%) of the baryons in the Universe are not in galaxies. They probably exist in a warm/hot intergalactic medium. Searching for direct observational evidence and deeper theoretical understanding for this will form one of the major challenges for astronomy in the next decade.
引用
收藏
页码:2693 / 2710
页数:18
相关论文
共 76 条
[1]   The second data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey [J].
Abazajian, K ;
Adelman-McCarthy, JK ;
Agüeros, MA ;
Allam, SS ;
Kurt ;
Anderson, SJ ;
Anderson, SF ;
Annis, J ;
Bahcall, NA ;
Baldry, IK ;
Bastian, S ;
Berlind, A ;
Bernardi, M ;
Blanton, MR ;
Bochanski, JJ ;
Boroski, WN ;
Briggs, JW ;
Brinkmann, J ;
Brunner, RJ ;
Budavári, T ;
Carey, LN ;
Carliles, S ;
Castander, FJ ;
Connolly, AJ ;
Csabai, I ;
Doi, M ;
Dong, F ;
Eisenstein, DJ ;
Evans, ML ;
Fan, XH ;
Finkbeiner, DP ;
Friedman, SD ;
Frieman, JA ;
Fukugita, M ;
Gal, RR ;
Gillespie, B ;
Glazebrook, K ;
Gray, J ;
Grebel, EK ;
Gunn, JE ;
Gurbani, VK ;
Hall, PB ;
Hamabe, M ;
Harris, FH ;
Harris, HC ;
Harvanek, M ;
Heckman, TM ;
Hendry, JS ;
Hennessy, GS ;
Hindsley, RB .
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 2004, 128 (01) :502-512
[2]   Bulge microlensing optical depth from EROS 2 observations [J].
Afonso, C ;
Albert, JN ;
Alard, C ;
Andersen, J ;
Ansari, R ;
Aubourg, É ;
Bareyre, P ;
Bauer, F ;
Beaulieu, JP ;
Blanc, G ;
Bouquet, A ;
Char, S ;
Charlot, X ;
Couchot, F ;
Coutures, C ;
Derue, F ;
Ferlet, R ;
Fouqué, P ;
Glicenstein, JF ;
Goldman, B ;
Gould, A ;
Graff, D ;
Gros, M ;
Haissinski, J ;
Hamadache, C ;
Hamilton, JC ;
Hardin, D ;
de Kat, J ;
Kim, A ;
Lasserre, T ;
LeGuillou, L ;
Lesquoy, É ;
Loup, C ;
Magneville, C ;
Mansoux, B ;
Marquette, JB ;
Maurice, É ;
Maury, A ;
Milsztajn, A ;
Moniez, M ;
Palanque-Delabrouille, N ;
Perdereau, O ;
Prévot, L ;
Regnault, N ;
Rich, J ;
Spiro, M ;
Tisserand, P ;
Vidal-Madjar, A ;
Vigroux, L ;
Zylberajch, S .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2003, 404 (01) :145-156
[3]   The MACHO project: Microlensing optical depth toward the Galactic bulge from difference image analysis [J].
Alcock, C ;
Allsman, RA ;
Alves, DR ;
Axelrod, TS ;
Becker, AC ;
Bennett, DP ;
Cook, KH ;
Drake, AJ ;
Freeman, KC ;
Geha, M ;
Griest, K ;
Lehner, MJ ;
Marshall, SL ;
Minniti, D ;
Nelson, CA ;
Peterson, BA ;
Popowski, P ;
Pratt, MR ;
Quinn, PJ ;
Stubbs, CW ;
Sutherland, W ;
Tomaney, AB ;
Vandehei, T ;
Welch, DL .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2000, 541 (02) :734-766
[4]   Constraints on dark energy from Chandra observations of the largest relaxed galaxy clusters [J].
Allen, SW ;
Schmidt, RW ;
Ebeling, H ;
Fabian, AC ;
van Speybroeck, L .
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2004, 353 (02) :457-467
[5]   THE UNIVERSE AT FAINT MAGNITUDES .1. MODELS FOR THE GALAXY AND THE PREDICTED STAR COUNTS [J].
BAHCALL, JN ;
SONEIRA, RM .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 1980, 44 (01) :73-110
[6]   A first estimate of the baryonic mass function of galaxies [J].
Bell, EF ;
McIntosh, DH ;
Katz, N ;
Weinberg, MD .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2003, 585 (02) :L117-L120
[7]   Simulations of structure formation in the universe [J].
Bertschinger, E .
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS, 1998, 36 :599-654
[8]  
BINGGELI B, 1988, ANNU REV ASTRON ASTR, V26, P509
[9]  
Binney J., 1998, PR S ASTROP
[10]   The properties and luminosity function of extremely low luminosity galaxies [J].
Blanton, MR ;
Lupton, RH ;
Schlegel, DJ ;
Strauss, MA ;
Brinkmann, J ;
Fukugita, M ;
Loveday, J .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2005, 631 (01) :208-230