The role of the epigenetic signal, DNA methylation, in gene regulation during erythroid development

被引:24
作者
Ginder, Gordon D. [1 ]
Gnanapragasam, Merlin N. [1 ]
Mian, Omar Y. [1 ]
机构
[1] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Massey Canc Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
来源
RED CELL DEVELOPMENT | 2008年 / 82卷
关键词
D O I
10.1016/S0070-2153(07)00004-X
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The sequence complexity of the known vertebrate genomes alone is insufficient to account for the diversity between individuals of a species. Although our knowledge of vertebrate biology has evolved substantially with the growing compilation of sequenced genomes, understanding the temporal and spatial regulation of genes remains fundamental to fully exploiting this information. The importance of epigenetic factors in gene regulation was first hypothesized decades ago when biologists posited that methylation of DNA could heritably alter gene expression [Holliday and Pugh, 1975. Science 187(4173), 226-232; Riggs, 1975. Cytogenet. and Cell Genet. 14(1), 9-25; Scarano et al., 1967. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 57(5), 1394-1400)]. It was subsequently shown that vertebrate DNA methylation, almost exclusively at the 5' position of cytosine in the dinucleoticle CpG, played a role in a number of processes including embryonic development, genetic imprinting, cell differentiation, and tumorigenesis. At the time of this writing, a large and growing list of genes is known to exhibit DNA methylation-dependent regulation, and we understand in some detail the mechanisms employed by cells in using methylation as a regulatory modality. In this context, we revisit one of the original systems in which the role of DNA methylation in vertebrate gene regulation during development was described and studied: erythroid cells. We briefly review the recent advances in our understanding of DNA methylation and, in particular, its regulatory role in red blood cells during differentiation and development. We also address DNA methylation as a component of erythroid chromatin architecture, and the interdependence of CpG methylation and histone modification.
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页码:85 / 116
页数:32
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