Simultaneous determination of artesunic acid and dihydroartemisinin in blood plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography for application in clinical pharmacological studies

A selective reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the simultaneous quantitative determination of the antimalarial compound artesunic acid (ARS), dihydroartemisinin (DQHS) and artemisinin (QHS), as internal standard, is described. After extraction from plasma, ARS and DQHS were analysed using an Econosil C-8 column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05 M acetic acid (42:58, v/v) adjusted to pH 5.0 and electrochemical detection in the reductive mode. The mean recovery of ARS and DQHS over a concentration range of 50-200 ng/ml was 75.5% and 93.5%, respectively. The within-day coefficients of variation were 4.2-7.4% for ARS and 2.6-4.9% for DQHS. The day-to-day coefficients of variation were 1.6-9.6% and 0.5-8.3%, respectively. The minimum detectable concentration for ARS and DQHS in plasma was 4.0 ng/ml for both compounds. The method was found to be suitable for use in clinical pharmacological studies.