Transaldolases are novel and immunoglobulin E cross-reacting fungal allergens

P>Background Mould-induced atopic respiratory diseases are a worldwide problem. Characterization of fungal allergens is of major clinical importance. Objective We identified a novel transaldolase family allergen of Cladosporium and Penicillium species. Methods Fungal allergens were identified by immunoblotting, peptide mass mapping and partial sequencing, cDNA cloning and IgE epitope mapping. Results A 36.5 kDa IgE-binding component in a partially purified C. cladosporioides preparation was identified. Mass spectrometric analyses suggest that this novel IgE-reacting allergen is a transaldolase. A corresponding full-length 1246 bp cDNA encoding a polypeptide of 325 residues was isolated. The newly identified transaldolase allergen has been designated as Cla c 14.0101. The cDNA encoding the Pencillium chrysogenum transaldolase was isolated by RT-PCR according to the cDNA sequence encoding a P. chrysogenum Wisconsin 54-1255 hypothetical protein. The purified rCla c 14.0101 protein reacted with IgE antibodies in 10 (38%) of 26 Cladosporium cladosporioides-sensitized asthmatic patients. Nine of the 10 rCla c 14.0101-positive sera have IgE binding against the recombinant Penicillium transaldolase (rPen ch 35.0101). Among the eight fungal transaldolase-positive sera tested, three showed IgE binding against the recombinant human transaldolase. To determine cross-reactivity between the Cladosporium and Penicillium fungi, IgE cross-reactivity was detected between these two fungal transaldolase allergens by inhibition assays. Both the N- and the C-terminal fragments of Cla c 14.0101 were recognized by IgE antibodies. The C-terminal IgE-reacting determinant was narrowed down to a region encompassing Thr257 to Ser278 of Cla c 14.0101. It was mapped onto a loop-like structure of a 3D model constructed for Cla c 14.0101. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance We identified transaldolase as a novel and IgE cross-reactive allergen family of C. cladosporioides and P. chrysogenum. In addition, an IgE-reacting fragment (Thr257 to Ser278) was pinpointed to a loop-like structure on Cla c 14.0101. Results obtained provide important information in clinical mould allergy. Cite this as: H. Chou, M. F. Tam, C.-H. Chiang, C.-T. Chou, H.-Y. Tai and H.-D. Shen, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 739-749.