The effect of additives on the tribocharging of electrophotographic toners

被引:18
作者
Anderson, JH
机构
[1] Office Imaging, Research and Technology Development, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester
关键词
tribocharging; toner additives; polymer powder; electrophotography; charge-to-mass ratio; charge control agents;
D O I
10.1016/0304-3886(96)00017-4
中图分类号
TM [电工技术]; TN [电子技术、通信技术];
学科分类号
0808 ; 0809 ;
摘要
Adhesion and transfer of charged toner particles from one surface to another in electrophotography are dominated by electrostatic forces. Charge control agents, CCAs, are included in toner formulations to control the sign and magnitude of the toner charge. The purpose of this work is to discuss the role of CCAs in triboelectrification of two-component electrophotographic developers. Toner particles 12 mu m in diameter were made by spray drying of unpigmented polystyrene containing a variety of monomeric and ionomeric phosphonium sulfonate CCAs. Charge-to-mass ratio (Q/M) of the toners was measured using two types of carriers. One type was coated with poly(vinylidene fluoride) and charged the toners positively. The other was coated with poly(methylmethacrylate) and charged the toners negatively. The charging measurements were compared to the expectations of electronic and ionic mechanisms and to surface state models of tribocharging. A linear correlation was found between Q/M of the toners when they were charged positively and Q/M of the same toners charged negatively. This observation is shown to be consistent with the surface state model of tribocharging. However, it is concluded that the mechanism of charging is more complex than the simple transfer of electrons or ions of one polarity from one surface to another. Both surfaces must have the capability of accepting and donating electrons or ions of one polarity or else species of both signs are transferred.
引用
收藏
页码:197 / 209
页数:13
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