Cotranscriptional spliceosome assembly dynamics and the role of U1 snRNA:5′ss base pairing in yeast

To investigate the mechanism of spliceosome assembly in vivo, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of U1, U2, and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) to intron-containing yeast (S. cerevisiae) genes. The snRNPs display patterns that indicate a cotranscriptional assembly model: U1 first, then U2, and the U4/U6 center dot U5 tri-snRNP followed by U1 destabilization. cis-splicing mutations also support a role of U2 and/or the tri-snRNP in U1 destabilization. Moreover, they indicate that splicing efficiency has a major impact on cotranscriptional snRNP recruitment and suggest that cotranscriptional recruitment of U2 or the tri-snRNP is required to commit the pre-mRNA to splicing. Branchpoint (BP) mutations had a major effect on the U1 pattern, whereas 5 ' splice site (5 ' ss) mutations had a stronger effect on the U2 pattern. A 5 ' ss-U1 snRNA complementation experiment suggests that pairing between U1 and the 5 ' ss occurs after U1 recruitment and contributes to a specific U1:substrate conformation required for efficient U2 and tri-snRNP recruitment.