Sediment threshold under stream flow on horizontal and sloping beds

A model is presented to determine the threshold shear stress for noncohesive sediment (uniform and nonuniform) motion on horizontal and stream-wise sloping sedimentary beds, under a unidirectional steady-uniform streamflow. Hydrodynamic and particle-mechanic forces on a solitary sediment particle, resting over a sedimentary bed under the slip-spinning condition, are analyzed including the effect of turbulent fluctuations. Hydrodynamic forces such as drag, shear lift, and Magnus lift are taken into consideration. The drag coefficient is determined using an empirical formula. The inclusion of Magnus lift is significant because spherical particles spin just before dislodging downstream from their original position due to the differential hydrodynamic force along the vertical. The experimental data of sediment threshold are used to calibrate the model making the lift coefficient as a free parameter. The dependency of normalized threshold shear stress on particle parameter for various angles of repose and stream-wise bed slopes is presented graphically. The results obtained using the present model are compared with the curves proposed by different investigators and the experimental data of sediment (uniform and nonuniform) threshold for horizontal and stream-wise sloping beds.