Protection conferred by preinfarct angina is manifest in the aged heart: Evidence from the TIMI 4 trial

There has been debate regarding the issue of whether ischemic preconditioning is effective in the aging and diseased heart. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the effect of preinfarction angina in patients less than versus greater than 60 years of age in the TIMI 4 study. Preinfarction angina was defined as an episode of typical angina pectoris that occurs prior to the time of index chest pain associated with the myocardial infarction itself. Patients who were 60 years and older had a higher rate of death and the combined endpoints of death, heart failure/shock, and/or reinfarction compared with younger patients. However, patients 60 years or older who had preinfarction angina had lower rates of the combined endpoints of death, heart failure/shock, and/or reinfarction (11%) compared with patients without angina (23%; P = 0.04). They also had lower creatine kinase (CK) values. Therefore, preinfarction angina was protective in patients 60 years or older in the TIMI 4 study.