TRIP-Br: a novel family of PHD zinc finger- and bromodomain-interacting proteins that regulate the transcriptional activity of E2F-1/DP-1

We report the isolation of TRIP-Br1, a transcriptional regulator that interacts with the PHD-bromodomain of co-repressors of Kruppel-associated box (KRAB)-mediated repression, KRIP-1(TIF1 beta) and TIF1 alpha, as well as the co-activator/adaptor p300/CBP, TRIP-Br1 and the related protein TRIP-Br2 possess transactivation domains. Like MDM2, which has a homologous transactivation domain, TRIP-Br proteins functionally contact DP-1, stimulating E2F-1/DP-1 transcriptional activity. KRIP-1 potentiates TRIP-Br protein co-activation of E2F-1/DP-1, TRIP-Brl is a component of a multiprotein complex containing E2F-1 and DP-1. Co-expression of the retinoblastoma gene product (RB) abolishes baseline E2F-1/DP-1 transcriptional activity as well as TRIP-Br/KRIP-1 coactivation, both of which are restored by the adenovirus E1A once-protein. These features suggest that TRIP-Br proteins function at E2F-responsive promoters to integrate signals provided by PHD- and/or bromodomain-containing transcription factors. TRIP-Brl is identical to the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4)-binding protein p34(SEI-1), which renders the activity of cyclin D/cdk4 resistant to the inhibitory effect of p16(INK4a) during late G(1). TRIP-Br1(p34(SEI-1)) is differentially overexpressed during the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle, consistent with a dual role for TRIP-Br1(p34(SEI-1)) in the regulation of cell cycle progression through sequential effects on the transcriptional activity of E2F-responsive promoters during G1 and S phases.