A Role for Sphingomyelin-Rich Lipid Domains in the Accumulation of Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate to the Cleavage Furrow during Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is a crucial step in the creation of two daughter cells by the formation and ingression of the cleavage furrow. Here, we show that sphingomyelin (SM), one of the major sphingolipids in mammalian cells, is required for the localization of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Real-time observation with a labeled SM-specific protein, lysenin, revealed that SM is concentrated in the outer leaflet of the furrow at the time of cytokinesis. Superresolution fluorescence microscopy analysis indicates a transbilayer colocalization between the SM-rich domains in the outer leaflet and PIP2-rich domains in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. The depletion of SM disperses PIP2 and inhibits the recruitment of the small GTPase RhoA to the cleavage furrow, leading to abnormal cytokinesis. These results suggest that the formation of SM-rich domains is required for the accumulation of PIP2 to the cleavage furrow, which is a prerequisite for the proper translocation of RhoA and the progression of cytokinesis.