Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-positive patients -: Bronchoalveolar lavage vs. bronchial brushing

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contribution of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial brushing (BB) and the use of different tinctorial stains in the detection of Pneumocystis carinii (PC) in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive patients. STUDY DESIGN: In a retrospective study, 195 HIV-positive patients suspected of a pulmonary infection underwent bronchoscopy with BAL. In 143 cases subsequent BE was performed. On 135 BAL fluid cytocentrifuge preparations four staining techniques were applied simultaneously: May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG), toluidine blue-O (TOL), Papanicolaou (PAP) and Grocott methenamine silver (GRO). RESULTS: PC was recovered in 79 (40.5%) cases. The yields of MGG and TOL were identical (33.3%). PAP and GAO showed lower results, 31.1% and 29.6%, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. The combination of BAL and BE revealed 64 cases of PC infection. BAL was positive in the vast majority of cases (63, 44.1%). BE was positive in 54 (37.8%). The combination of positive BE with negative BAL was present ill one case. However, 10 cases of PC were found with the use of BAL and not detected by BE (P<.01). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that to confirm a PC infection in HIV-positive patients, the use of bronchoalveolar lavage with a single staining technique is appropriate. Bronchial brushing seems to be of limited additional value.