Does generalized anxiety disorder predict coronary heart disease risk factors independently of major depressive disorder?

被引:85
作者
Barger, SD [1 ]
Sydeman, SJ [1 ]
机构
[1] No Arizona Univ, Dept Psychol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA
关键词
generalized anxiety disorder; major depressive disorder; coronary heart disease; blood pressure; smoking;
D O I
10.1016/j.jad.2005.05.012
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Background:: Anxiety symptoms are associated with elevated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but it is not known whether such associations extend to anxiety disorders or if they are independent of depression. We sought to determine if generalized anxiety disorder is associated with elevated CHD risk, and whether this association is independent of or interacts with major depressive disorder. Methods: Generalized anxiety and major depressive disorders were assessed in a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of U.S. adults aged 25-74 (N=3032). Coronary heart disease risk was determined by self-reported smoking status, body mass index, and recent medication use for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. Results: Generalized anxiety disorder independently predicted increased CHD risk (F(1,3018)=5.14; b=0.39; 95% confidence interval (0.05-0.72)) and tended to denote the greatest risk in the absence of major depressive disorder. Limitations: The cross-sectional design cannot. determine the causal direction of the association. Conclusions: Generalized anxiety disorder appears to be associated with elevated CHD risk in the general population. It may denote excess CHD risk relative to major depressive disorder, and clinicians should consider CHD risk when treating generalized anxiety disorder. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:87 / 91
页数:5
相关论文
共 19 条
[1]  
[Anonymous], 1987, DIAGNOSTIC STAT MANU, V4th
[2]  
[Anonymous], 2003, REGRESSION MODELS CA
[3]  
[Anonymous], 1998, INT J METH PSYCH RES, DOI [DOI 10.1002/MPR.33, 10.1002/mpr.33]
[4]  
Arias Elizabeth, 2003, Natl Vital Stat Rep, V52, P1
[5]   MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AND CORONARY DEATH AMONG WOMEN - PSYCHOSOCIAL PREDICTORS FROM A 20-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF WOMEN IN THE FRAMINGHAM-STUDY [J].
EAKER, ED ;
PINSKY, J ;
CASTELLI, WP .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, 1992, 135 (08) :854-864
[6]   Depression as an antecedent to heart disease among women and men in the NHANES I study [J].
Ferketich, AK ;
Schwartzbaum, JA ;
Frid, DJ ;
Moeschberger, ML .
ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2000, 160 (09) :1261-1268
[7]   Major risk factors as antecedents of fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease events [J].
Greenland, P ;
Knoll, MD ;
Stamler, J ;
Neaton, JD ;
Dyer, AR ;
Garside, DB ;
Wilson, PW .
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 2003, 290 (07) :891-897
[8]   PHOBIC ANXIETY AND ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE [J].
HAINES, AP ;
IMESON, JD ;
MEADE, TW .
BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 1987, 295 (6593) :297-299
[9]   PSYCHIATRIC-ILLNESS AND CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK [J].
HAYWARD, C .
EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS, 1995, 17 (01) :129-138
[10]  
Hazzard W.R., 2000, National survey of midlife development in the United States (MIDUS), 1995-1996