Synthesis and biological activities of new checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitors structurally related to granulatimide

In the course of structure-activity relationship studies on granulatimide analogues, new pyrrolo[3,4-c]-carbazoles in which the imidazole heterocycle has been replaced by a five- or a six-membered ring bearing one or two carbonyl functions have been synthesized. Their checkpoint kinase I (Chk1) inhibitory properties and their in vitro antiproliferative activities toward three tumor cell lines-murine leukemia L1210 and human colon carcinoma HT29 and HCT116 have been determined. The results of molecular modeling in the ATP binding pocket of Chk1 are described. Among the newly synthesized compounds, compounds 13 and 16, in which the imidazole was replaced by a quinone and a hydroquinone and which bear a hydroxy.,roup on the indole moiety, are the most potent Chk1 inhibitors in this series with IC50 values of 27 and 23 nM, respectively.