Operational criteria for delimiting species

被引:618
作者
Sites, JW [1 ]
Marshall, JC
机构
[1] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA
[2] Brigham Young Univ, ML Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA
关键词
species criteria; species delimitation; systematics; biodiversity; speciation;
D O I
10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.112202.130128
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Species are routinely used as fundamental units of analysis in biogeography, ecology, macroevolution, and conservation biology. A large literature focuses on defining species conceptually, but until recently little attention has been given to the issue of empirically delimiting species. Researchers confronted with the task of delimiting species in nature are often unsure which method(s) is (are) most appropriate for their system and data type collected. Here, we review twelve of these methods organized into two general categories of tree- and nontree-based approaches. We also summarize the relevant biological properties of species amenable to empirical evaluation, the classes of data required, and some of the strengths and limitations of each method. We conclude that all methods will sometimes fail to delimit species boundaries properly or will give conflicting results, and that virtually all methods require researchers to make qualitative judgments. These facts, coupled with the fuzzy nature of species boundaries, require an eclectic approach to delimiting species and caution against the reliance on any single data set or method when delimiting species.
引用
收藏
页码:199 / 227
页数:31
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