A systems neuroscience approach to autism: Biological, cognitive, and clinical perspectives

被引:81
作者
Eigsti, IM [1 ]
Shapiro, T
机构
[1] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Psychiat, 1051 Riverside Dr,Unit 40, New York, NY 10032 USA
[2] Sackler Inst Dev Psychobiol Columbia, New York, NY 10032 USA
[3] Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10032 USA
来源
MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS | 2003年 / 9卷 / 03期
关键词
autism; functional and structural brain imaging; etiology; genetics; cognitive neuroscience; intervention;
D O I
10.1002/mrdd.10081
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Autism is a behaviorally defined disorder characterized by a broad constellation of symptoms. Numerous studies directed to the biological substrate demonstrate clear effects of neurodevelopmental differences that will likely point to the etiology, course, and long-term outcomes of the disorder. Consistently replicated research on the neural underpinnings of autism is reviewed. In general, results suggest several main conclusions: First, autism is a heterogeneous disorder and is likely to have multiple possible etiologies; second, structural brain studies have indicated a variety of diffuse anatomical differences, reflective of an early developmental change in the growth or pruning of neural tissue, rather than localized lesions; similarly, neurochemical studies suggest early, neuromodulatory discrepancies rather than gross or localized abnormalities; and finally, there are a number of limitations on studies of brain activity that to date preclude definitive answers to questions of how the brain functions differently in autism. The large number of active research programs investigating the cognitive neuroscience of autism spectrum disorders, in combination with the exciting development of new methodologies and tools in this area, indicates the drama and excitement of work in this area. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
引用
收藏
页码:205 / 215
页数:11
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