Outbreak of norovirus illness associated with a swimming pool

被引:34
作者
Podewils, L. J.
Blevins, L. Zanardi
Hagenbuch, M.
Itani, D.
Burns, A.
Otto, C.
Blanton, L.
Adams, S.
Monroe, S. S.
Beach, M. J.
Widdowson, M.
机构
[1] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA
[2] Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1017/S0950268806007370
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
On 3 February 2004, the Vermont Department of Health received reports of acute gastroenteritis in persons who had recently visited a swimming facility. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among persons attending the facility between 30 January and 2 February. Fifty-three of 189 (28 %) persons interviewed developed vomiting or diarrhoea within 72 h after visiting the facility. Five specimens tested positive for norovirus and three specimen sequences were identical. Entering the smaller of the two pools at the facility was significantly associated with illness (RR 5.67,95% CI 1.5-22.0,P=0.012). The investigation identified several maintenance system failures: chlorine equipment failure, poorly trained operators, inadequate maintenance checks, failure to alert management, and insufficient record keeping. This study demonstrates the vulnerability of recreational water to norovirus contamination, even in the absence of any obvious vomiting or faecal accident. Our findings also suggest that norovirus is not as resistant to chlorine as previously reported in experimental studies. Appropriate regulations and enforcement, with adequate staff training, are necessary to ensure recreational water safety.
引用
收藏
页码:827 / 833
页数:7
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