Body morphology and its impact on adolescent and pediatric gynecology, with a special emphasis on polycystic ovary syndrome

Purpose of review To provide the reader with a timely review of studies investigating the impact of body morphology and weight on pubertal maturation, impact of pubertal maturation on adult body morphology, and recent developments in the diagnosis and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Recent findings The temporal trends in age of onset of puberty and menarche, and prevalence of obesity, are presented. Timing of pubertal maturation and initial manifestations of puberty may impact adult adiposity and ponderosity, as well as predispose to conditions associated with adult morbidity. The polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinologic disorder, occurring in up to 10% of women. It is associated with insulin resistance, and substantial proportions of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, regardless of age or obesity status, have impaired glucose tolerance. Clinical and biochemical abnormalities seen in polycystic ovary syndrome may improve through utilization of insulin-sensitizing agents, although lifestyle changes provide more profound clinical improvements. Summary We now understand better those factors associated with initiation of puberty, and pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. However, further longitudinal studies are needed.