Participatory planning - A view of tourism in Indonesia

Most of the planning literature dealing with tourism focuses on what should be done in developing this industry at the expense of providing an understanding of what is actually being pursued and what can be done given a destination's local conditions. This study presents a normative model of participatory planning principles, which originates in the Western literature. This model is used to investigate what is actually being done in tourism planning in one developing destination, and examines the local constraints upon many of the principles recommended by researchers. Some of the participatory principles are practiced, but others are not. Local sociocultural and economic conditions are constraints in the principles recommended in the model. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.