Distribution of the predominant hepatitis B virus precore variants in hepatitis B e antigen-positive children and their effect on treatment response

Little is known about the distribution of precore hepatitis B virus mutants and their influence on the outcome of interferon therapy in children with chronic hepatitis B. In this study, serum samples were analyzed from 60 children with chronic hepatitis B e antigen(+) (HBeAg+) hepatitis. Fifty-two of these children underwent different interferon trials, and a second serum sample was taken from 25 of them at the end of therapy. Fifty-six of the original 60 children were simultaneously infected by wild-type and precore mutant hepatitis B virus variants, The remaining four children were infected by the wild type alone. In 50/56 of children with a mixed viral population, the wild-type variant comprised more than 50% of the total viremia, With respect to the influence of precore variants oil the outcome of interferon treatment, the prevalence of mixed viral population was similar in responders and nonresponders (96 versus 88%, respectively), However, precore mutant variants were prevalent (> 50% of the viral population) in 21% of the nonresponders. but in none of the responder children (P < 0.05). Viremia levels were significantly higher in nonresponder than in responder children (p < 0.05). No substantial changes in the prevalence of mutants were observed throughout the interferon therapy. In conclusion, mixed viral infection is found in a high percentage of children with chronic B HBeAg+ hepatitis. Response to interferon therapy does not seem to be related to the presence of hepatitis B virus precore mutants, but rather to the levels of viremia.