Comparison of periodontal and socioeconomic status between subjects with type 2 diabetes Mellitus and non-diabetic controls

Background: The association among periodontal conditions, socioeconomic status (SES), and diabetes has been reported. However, there is a lack of published data comparing periodontal conditions among individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The aim of the present study was to compare the periodontal conditions and SES between subjects with T2D and non-diabetic controls. Methods: A total of 75 (31 males and 44 females) individuals with T2D (62 poorly controlled and 13 well-controlled) and 99 non-diabetic patients (healthy controls; 51 males and 48 females) participated in the study. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were investigated. Random blood glucose level was recorded. Premolar and molar marginal bone loss (MBL) was measured digitally on scanned orthopantomograms. Results: Individuals with poorly controlled T2D had increased MBL in molars and maxillary premolars (P < 0.05) compared to individuals with well-controlled T2D. PI, BOP, and PD of 4 to < 6 mm were increased in individuals with poorly controlled T2D compared to those with well-controlled T2D (P < 0.001). There was no difference between the diabetic groups when PD was >= 6 mm. Individuals with poorly controlled T2D had a lower SES compared to patients with well-controlled T2D (P < 0.05). Illiteracy and the number of missing teeth were not different between the groups. Conclusions: Radiologic and clinical indicators of periodontal destruction were increased in individuals with poorly controlled T2D. Low SES aggravated the periodontal condition in individuals with T2D.