Operating conditions of batteries in off-grid renewable energy systems

被引：72

作者：

Svoboda, Vojtech

Wenzl, Heinz

Kaiser, Rudi

Jossen, Andreas

Baring-Gould, Ian

Manwell, James

Lundsager, Per

Bindner, Henrik

Cronin, Tom

Norgard, Per

Ruddell, Alan

Perujo, Adolfo

Douglas, Kevin

Rodrigues, Carlos

Joyce, Antonio

Tselepis, Stathis

van der Borg, Nico

Nieuwenhout, Frans

Wilmot, Nigel

Mattera, Florence

Sauer, Dirk Uwe

机构：

[1] Beratung Batterien & Energietech, D-37520 Osterode, Germany

[2] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

[3] Ctr Solar Energy & Hydrogen Res Baden Wuerttember, D-89031 Ulm, Germany

[4] Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany

[5] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA

[6] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA

[7] Riseo Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark

[8] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Council Cent Lab Res Councils, Energy Res Unit, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England

[9] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy

[10] INETI, Dept Renewable Energy, P-1649038 Lisbon, Portugal

[11] Ctr Renewable Energy Sources, Pikermi 19009, Greece

[12] Netherlands Energy Res Fdn, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands

[13] Murdoch Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Energy, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia

[14] Groupement Energet Cadarache, Commissariat Energet Atom, F-38054 Grenoble, France

[15] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Electrochem Energy Convers & Storage Syst Grp, D-52066 Aachen, Germany

来源：

SOLAR ENERGY | 2007年 / 81卷 / 11期

关键词：

renewable energy systems; pperating conditions; lead acid battery; ageing processes;

D O I：

10.1016/j.solener.2006.12.009

中图分类号：

TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];

学科分类号：

0807 ; 0820 ;

摘要：

Operating conditions in off-grid renewable energy systems (RES) vary significantly in different applications and locations. To describe RES and the operating conditions of their components it is useful to define categories of similar operating conditions. Categories can also be used for lifetime considerations of RES components, for making recommendations and for analysing the properties and performance of a RES and its components. Categories support system designers and an economic analysis. This paper describes the process and the results of creating RES categories of similar operating conditions for batteries. Categories are defined in such a way that batteries belonging to the same category are subjected to similar operating conditions and a similar combination of stress factors. The results provide a comprehensive overview of battery operating conditions in existing off-grid renewable energy systems. This work is part of the EU research project Benchmarking.(1) (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

引用

页码：1409 / 1425

页数：17

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